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Leg Pain

Leg pain can be due to a muscle cramp (also called a charley horse). Common causes of cramps include dehydration or low amounts of potassium, sodium, calcium, or magnesium in the blood. Medicines (such as diuretics and statins). Leg pain can have causes that aren’t due to an underlying disease. Examples include heavy physical activity, lack of activity, prolonged standing, injuries, sprains, or strains.

Neck Pain

Neck pain lacks a standard definition but is often reported as non-specific or mechanical, presenting with symptoms like muscle pain, spasms, headaches, facet joint pain, nerve pain, referred pain, and bone pain. Neck pain is increasingly common, affecting around two-thirds of people at some point in their lives. Prevalence estimates are 7.6% for point prevalence and 48.5% for lifetime prevalence. It is more frequent among women, those with anxiety or depression, and office workers with poor ergonomics.

Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis (AC), is a condition marked by a gradual onset of pain followed by a progressive loss of both active and passive movement in the glenohumeral (GH) joint. Initially, patients experience significant shoulder pain that limits their ability to move the shoulder normally. As the condition advances, the shoulder’s range of motion becomes increasingly restricted, affecting daily activities and overall function.

Sciatica

Sciatica refers to pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg. It is caused by injury to or pressure on the sciatic nerve. Sciatica is a symptom of a medical problem. It is not a medical condition by itself.

It’s usually caused when a herniated disc or bone spur in the spine presses on the nerve. Pain originates in the spine and radiates down the back of the leg. Sciatica typically affects only one side of the body.

Back Pain

Physical discomfort occurs anywhere on the spine or back, ranging from mild to disabling. Back pain can have causes that aren’t due to an underlying disease. Examples include overuse such as working out or lifting too much, prolonged sitting and lying down, sleeping in an uncomfortable position, or wearing a poorly fitting backpack.

Disc Herniation

A herniated disc in the spine occurs when the gel-like nucleus pulposus protrudes from its normal position between vertebrae. This condition is a common cause of back pain, often triggered by a specific event remembered by patients. Unlike typical back pain, herniated disc pain is characterized by a burning or stinging sensation that may extend into the legs. More severe cases can lead to weakness or changes in sensation. When the herniated disc compresses a nerve or the spinal cord, it may cause symptoms associated with nerve compression or spinal cord dysfunction, known medically as myelopathy.

Shoulder Pain

Physical discomfort of the shoulder, including the joint itself or the muscles, tendons, and ligaments that support the joint. Shoulder pain can have causes that aren’t due to an underlying disease. Examples include overuse, disuse, sprain, strain, or sleeping on the side.

Knee Arthritis

Knee pain, often caused by wear and tear on the joint’s cartilage, is common among elderly individuals. It can be primary, with no clear cause, or secondary, due to factors like joint trauma or rheumatoid arthritis. Symptoms include the gradual onset of knee pain worsened by activity, stiffness, swelling, and joint noises. Treatment typically starts conservatively and may progress to surgery if needed, though effective disease-modifying medications for knee pain are currently limited.